'English..'에 해당되는 글 8건

If 문을 이용하여 반대사실을 가정 (시제일치)

미래를 가정 --> 현재를 이용

현재를 가정 --> 과거를 이용

과거를 가정 --> 과거완료를 이용

현재 + 과거(혼합가정법) --> 과거와 과거완료를 같이 사용

가정법 현재 :  if + 현재동사, 주어 + will (shall/can/may) + 동사원형

가정법 미래 :  if + should/ were to + 동사원형, 주어 + can (will,would,should) + 동사원형

가정법 과거 : if + 주어 + 과거동사, 주어 + would (should/could/might) + 동사원형

가정법 과거완료 : if + 주어 + 과거완료 동사, 주어 + would (should/could/might) have p.p

If 현재시제, 주어 + will(can, may)

If I have money, I will buy a car. (현재사실 기반. 미래에 일어 날 수 있는 일)

If 과거시제, 주어 + would (could)

If I had money, I would buy a car. (현재 불가능한 사실)

If 과거완료, 주어 + would (could) have p.p

If I had had money, I would have bought a car. (과거의 일을 위하여 대과거를 가정)

혼합가정

If I had slept more last night, I would not feel tired now.

연습문장

다음 선거에 컴퓨터 투표 시스템이 사용된다면, 투표자들은 그것을 사용하는 방법에 대해 배울 필요가 있을 것입니다.

If a computer voting system is used in the next election, voters will need to learn how to use it.

서비스센터를 직접 방문하시면, 노트북을 더 빨리 수리 받으실 수 있을 것입니다.

If you visit the service center in person, you can have(get) your laptop computer fixed sooner.

당신이 밤낮으로 통화하지 않는다면, 전화 요금이 이렇게 높지 않을거에요.

If upi did not talk on the phone day and night, your cell phone bill would not be this high.

내가 지금보다 더 예뻣더라면, 난 더 성공적인 삶을 살고 있었을 것입니다.

If I were prettier than I am now, I would probably be enjoying a more successful life.

그가 정년퇴직하지 않았더라면, 회사는 그의 전문 지식으로 지금 이익을 얻었을 거에요.

If he had not retired, the firm would benefit from his expertise now.

기억할 어휘

election 선거

stay home, stay at home (둘 다 가능)

go home (o) / go to home (x)

직접 in person

전화를 걸다 (call) / 전화통화를 하다 (talk on the phone)

benefit A A에게 혜택을 주다

benefit from A A로부터 혜택을 받다

의문문을 명사절로 변경

도치 된 주어, 동사를 원위치 시켜서 명사절을 만들기

명사절은 주, 목, 보 로 명사의 역할

Where does she live?

Where she lives is important. (주어)

I do not know where she lives. (목적어)

My question is where she lives. (보어)

Who are you looking for?

I want to know who you are looking for.

Why were you late?

Explaion why you were late.

When will you study?

When you will study is important.

He asked me how he should shipo this order.

He asked me how to ship this order.

Does she like movies?

Can you tell me whether(if) she likes movies?

연습문장

It is not easy to find what you are looking for when you have access to a lot of information

The customers are asking when the items they want to order will be restocked.

Nobody knows whether the new technology will cut labor costs.

The parents are wondering where to go with their children on weekends.

It is easier to decide what to do when a person is old than when he or she is young.

기억할 어휘

find (찾은 결과) / look for (찾는 과정)

인건비를 줄이다 cut labor costs

주말에 (on weekends / on the weekend)

현재분사는 능동, 과거분사는 수동!!

(관계대명사 + 동사) 생략

현재분사나 과거분사가 명사를 뒤에서 수식

연습문장

I was surprised that elderly people enjoy sports activities as much as young people do.

The employees are annoyed when one person in the office makes all the decisions.

Customers placing an order online can get a 10% discount.

The organization does not endorse space programs supported by tax payers' money.

Many people joined the program to care for pets abandoned by their owners.

기억할 어휘

노인 (elderly people)

주문하다 (place an order)

돌보다 (look after, take care of)

부사절과 주절의 주어가 동일 한 경우

while, after, before, because 등의 부사절의 주어 생략 가능

because 절 축약시 주어 + because 도 반드시 생략!

연습문장

After helping with the housework, the children did their homework.

The employees learned the process of production (while) assembling new products.

The bank has been attracting more customers since expanding its business.

He double-checked the price list before attaching it to the e-mail.

The workers tried to negotiate before protesting against poor working conditions.

기억할 어휘

help 목적어 with

고객 유치 (attract customers)

will 과 going to 의 차이

추측 : will, going to 둘 다 사용 가능

의지 : will

계획 : be going to

연습문장

The new payment system will(is going to) cause considerable inconvenience to our customers.

Environmental groups will(are going to) oppose developing the wetlands.

If you do not install an anti-virus program, your computer will become infected with the virus.

The principal said that he would not tolerate bullying at school.

Our homeroom teacher is going to go to movies with his students tomorrow.

기억할 어휘

wetland (갯벌)

바이러스에 감염되다 (be infected with)

왕따, 괴롭힘 (bullying)

영화 보러 가다 (go to the movies)

시제를 구분하는 핵심 요소는 time point!

과거 사실을 이야기 할 때 

과거 --> 과거의 특정 시점이 언급 될 때

과거완료 --> 특정 시점은 없고 단순 과거 사실을 언급 할 때

연습문장

The customer make an order by phone an hour ago.

Many customers have posted their complaints on the board.

He has been working at a bank since he left his former workplace last year.

She has not yet received a reply to the e-mail she sent yesterday.

He has learned a lot from his boss, but he does not appreciate this

기억할 어휘

전화로 주문하다 (make an order, by phone)

게시판에 올리다 (post)

답장을 받다 (receive, reply to)

감사해 하다 (appreciate)

after                                                    후에, 뒤에, 나중에

                                                          (we'll leave after lunch.)

before                                                 ~전에, 앞쪽에, 앞서서

                                                          (the day before yesterday)

when                                                  ~때, 언제

                                                          (When can I see you?)

while                                                  ~하는 동안에, ~하는 한

                                                          (We must have been burgled while we were asleep.)

as                                                      ~와 같을 정도로, ~만큼, ~때에, ~이므로, ~로써

                                                          (Treat me as a friend.)

by the time                                           막~했을 때, ~할 때까지 

                                               (By the time the concert began, the girls had been standing in line for two hours.)

since                                                  그 후, ~이래, ~이후

                                                         (He walked out of that door last Tuesday and no one's seen him since.)

until                                                    ~까지, ~때까지

                                                         (Gary was working for IBM until 1969, when he got a job at Sperry.)

as soon as                                          ~하자 마자

                                                          (I came as soon as I heard the news.)

once                                                   한번, 이전에, 옛날에, 한번 ~하면

                                                          (I have been there once.)

as/so long as                                       ~하는 한

                                                           (Stay here as long as you want to.)

whenever                                             ~할 때는 언제든지

                                                           (Whenever he goes out, he takes his dog with him.)

every time                                             매 번, 매 회

                                                           (Every time I went to see her, she was not at home.)

the first time (that)                                  처음으로, 최초로

                                                           (Congress met for the first time in 1789.)

the second time (that)                            두번째로

the last time (that)                                  마지막으로, 끝으로

                                                           (I was ill in bed, (the) last time she came here.)

the next time (that)                                 다음 번에

since                                                   ~한 까닭에, ~때문에

                                                           (Since I am old enough, I have permission to get married.)

now that                                               이제 ~이기 때문에

                                                           (Are you not glad that you are now able to speak English?)

inasmuch as                                         ~이므로, ~이기 때문에

                                                      (Anne is also guilty, inasmuch as she knew what the others were planning.)

as/so long as                                       ~하는 한

                                                           (I'll never forget your kindness so long as I live.)

so (that)                                               그렇게 함으로써

                                                           (He saves money, so(that) he can buy some good land.)

in order that                                          ~하기 위해서

                                                           (He went over to Paris in order that he might study arts.)

even though                                          ~함(임)에도 불구하고

                                                           (Even though you do not like it, you must do it.)

although                                               비록~일지라도

                                                           (Although it was a warm day, he had his trench coat on.)

though                                                  그러나, 그래도(문장의 처음에 나오지 않고 주로 끝에 나옵니다)

                                                            (It was true, though.)

whereas                                               ~임에 반해서

                                                            (She is slender, whereas her sister is fat.)

unless                                                  ~하지 않으면, ~하지 않는 한

                                                           (I shall not go unless the weather is fine.)

only if                                                   오로지/오직 ~면

                                                           (You will succeed only if you do your best.)

whether or not                                       ~인지 아닌지, ~한지 아닌지

                                                           (He examined by touch whether the kettle was hot or not.)

even if                                                  비록 ~할지라도

                                                           (Even if the river should flow backward, I will not betray you.)

providing (that)                                      ~이라는 조건으로, 만일 ~이라면

provided (that))                                     ~이라는 조건으로, 만일 ~이라면

                                                           (She will go, provided(that) her friends can go also.)

in case (that)                                        ~일 경우를 대비해서

                                                  (an auxiliary power system in case of a blackout.정전에 대비한 비상발전시스템.)

(formal) in the event (that))                     ~일 경우를 대비해서

                                                           (In the event of fire, ring the alarm bell.)